The Effects Of Drug Use On College Students - 1266 Words

College students have many challenges including grades, money, and other social activities. An obstacle to the success of students in all of these areas is drug use. Most of college students’ problems streamline from their problems with drugs. Grades steadily start to decrease due to a college student’s neglect towards school and more towards their wanting to party. A student that uses drugs often does not know how to interact with others while sober. Also, they act as if they have an antic disposition while under the influence. Drug use will ultimately have a negative effect on college students including poor grades, lack of social interaction, and addiction problems for the rest of their lives. Drug use can have a negative effect on a student’s ability to learn which can result in poor grades. Being intoxicated, can decrease the ability of a person to concentrate, remember things, and shorten ones attention span. There can be lingering cognitive deficits up to 48 hours after a night of drinking (Schwartz). This suggests that if a student has exams on a Monday and drinks on Friday it will hinder their ability to study and perform on those exams. This can also be the case if the student studies for hours then goes out drinking as it will hinder the student’s ability to remember the things he/she studied. Class participation is adversely affected after a long night of drinking. Marijuana has almost the same effects but it is varied greatly due how potentate the substanceShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1329 Words   |  6 PagesThe college campuses in the United States have the majority of the population that uses drugs among society (Wadley Carlier, 2014). The ages of these students range from â€Å"18 to 24† that are the most likely candidates to use marijuana and are more susceptible to use and find themselves addicted while they are in college (College Drug Abuse, 2015). There is conflict on college campuses between the state and federal government laws because the college is ran by the state by falls under federal lawsRead Moredrugs and alcohol on college students1105 Words   |  5 PagesBrews Drugs and alcohol, do they have a significant impact on the lives of college students or just the ones that fall short to the influence? There is a major problem with students using and abusing these substances, not only does it have negative effects on the user, but on the user s friends and family as well. A lot of drugs and alcohol become easily available to college students over the course of their college years. What can be done to help prevent students from abusing drugs and alcoholRead MoreEssay On Cognition Enhancers1273 Words   |  6 PagesA common trend on college campuses is the use of performance enhancing drugs for both academic and athletic motives. Most college students know of someone who abuses one of these drugs with the most common being cognition enhancers like Adderall and Ritalin. (Greely 2008) These medications are only available legally by prescription, therefore students are illegally dealing to each other for the buying and selling of these drugs. Their p urpose for using is to have an advantage over their peers, despiteRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay1590 Words   |  7 Pagesstimulant drugs, methylphenidate (Ritalin) and mixed amphetamine salts (Adderall) (â€Å"Towards responsible use† 2008). ADHD symptoms can be diagnosed in a child or an adult, and when treated with Ritalin or Adderall it helps to increase attention span, and decrease impulsive behaviour and hyperactivity (Advokat Scheithauer 2013) within the individual. While this is good for people with ADHD, psychologists are finding more and more use of these stimulant drugs by healthy college students. Non-ADHDRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1515 Words   |  7 PagesMore than half of college students throughout their academic career have either experienced or been exposed to some type of illicit drug. One of the most commonly found illicit drugs found on college campuses have been marijuana. Marijuana is used to amplif y perception, affect the frame of mind, and relax. Signs of marijuana use includes red eyes, sluggishness, and awkward body movement. With the usage of marijuana in earlier years being illegal in all states in America, the last couple of yearsRead More College Candy Making Success That Much Sweeter Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pagesmeasures.† American college students of the 21st century have been forcefully subjected to highly competitive environments due to a multitude of external factors. As of late, the prescription drug, Adderall has become the drug of choice for ambitious college students, and has earned the title of being today’s college candy and academic steroid. First introduced and approved by the U.S. FDA, Adderall became the common treatment for those suffering from ADHD and narcolepsy. The drug is considered a scheduleRead MorePrevalence of Stimulant Abuse on College Campuses Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pagesamong college students is crucial to understand ho w widespread this growing problem is. Understanding the extent of stimulant misuse can lead to better education among college students about the dangers of illicit stimulant use and the potential risks and side effects. In studies done at the University of Michigan and the University of Rhode Island, it was found that many students had used prescription stimulants illegally at one point or another in their lifetime, and found access to drugs suchRead MoreKyle Craig and his Abuse on Adderall1698 Words   |  7 PagesNearly five years ago, Kyle Craig, a well-rounded and bright student at Vanderbilt University, took his life at the young age of 21. Kyle was described to be a â€Å"confident, but not arrogant† young man. He had a solid 3.5 grade point average and was extremely active in his fraternity. His parents said he was, â€Å"†¦a thrill a minute, focused, happy, achieving and social† (James). Kyle, in short, seemed to have it all together. What no one knew is that Kyle illegally looked to Adderall to keepRead MoreEssay about drugs1091 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout history, America has been fighting against drug and alcohol abuse in teens and adults. Many ways companies and anti drug groups try to prevent drug and alcohol abuse is through education in school systems and out of school systems. They teach young students about drugs and alcohol before they risk being around them, and they teach older students about drugs while they are around in their daily lives. Are these education programs really necessary? That’s the question many people ask,Read MoreThe Effects Of Negative Habits On College1681 Words   |  7 PagesHabits in College Negative habits such as alcoholism, abuse of drugs, sleep deprivation, and procrastination impact minority students more than non-minority students. Many students go off to college every year and do not stay on track. They begin college with the best of intentions: go to class, excel, and eventually graduate. College is very fun, but it is also a time in your life where you have to learn what to put first, and what can wait for later. Some students such as minority students forget

Canterville Ghost Chapter 1 Summary - 4143 Words

Chapter I When Mr. Hiram B. Otis, the American Minister, bought Canterville Chase, every one told him he was doing a very foolish thing, as there was no doubt at all that the place was haunted. Indeed, Lord Canterville himself, who was a man of the most punctilious honour, had felt it his duty to mention the fact to Mr. Otis when they came to discuss terms. We have not cared to live in the place ourselves, said Lord Canterville, since my grand-aunt, the Dowager Duchess of Bolton, was frightened into a fit, from which she never really recovered, by two skeleton hands being placed on her shoulders as she was dressing for dinner, and I feel bound to tell you, Mr. Otis, that the ghost has been seen by†¦show more content†¦They were delightful boys, and with the exception of the worthy Minister the only true republicans of the family. As Canterville Chase is seven miles from Ascot, the nearest railway station, Mr. Otis had telegraphed for a waggonette to meet them, and they started on their drive in high spirits. It was a lovely July evening, and the air was delicate with the scent of the pinewoods. Now and then they heard a wood pigeon brooding over its own sweet voice, or saw, deep in the rustling fern, the burnished breast of the pheasant. Little squirrels peered at them from the beech-trees as they went by, and the rabbits scudded away through the brushwood and over the mossy knolls, with their white tails in the air. As they entered the avenue of Canterville Chase, however, the sky became suddenly overcast with clouds, a curious stillness seemed to hold the atmosphere, a great flight of rooks passed silently over their heads, and, before they reached the house, some big drops of rain had fallen. Standing on the steps to receive them was an old woman, neatly dressed in black silk, with a white cap and apron. This was Mrs. Umney, the housekeeper, whom Mrs. Otis, at Lady Cantervilles earnest request, had consented to keep on in her former position. She made them each a low curtsey as they alighted, and said in a quaint, old-fashioned manner,I bid you welcome to Canterville Chase. Following her, they passed through the fine Tudor hall into the library, a long, low room,

Proper Role of Government Free Essays

Describe the government and domestic environment of the country where your company is headquartered, then describe the international environment. Outline what organizations you may be associated with. (Example; WTO, OPEC, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Proper Role of Government or any similar topic only for you Order Now ) Examine the 1st  country of International growth you outlined in your 10 year vision. Why did you strategically select that country? In what ways will your company contribute to the foreign country’s economic development? Are there any political concerns associated with expansion into this country? Why or why not? How do you plan to develop a good working relationship with the foreign country? Government Regulation on Media in America iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/government-regulation-on-media-in-america/embed/#?secret=ApVRFHEcaK" data-secret="ApVRFHEcaK" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;Government Regulation on Media in America#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe Put together a SWOT analysis for your company. (This is considered an exhibit) Put together a PEST Analysis (exhibit) for the country you identified as the country into which your initial global expansion will take place. While maintaining its relationship with the United States, Japan has diversified and expanded ties with other nations. Having good relations with its neighbors can be a vital interest. Japan extended significant economic assistance to the Chinese in various modernization projects and supported Chinese membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO). AIG† Japan contains in depth information and data about the company and its operations. The company contains an overview, business description, financial ratios, SWOT analysis, key competitors, key facts, key employees, locations and branches as well as information on products and services. The SWOT analysis the company profile can be crucial for the industry executives and anyone looking to gain a better understa nding of the company’s business. So, the SWOT Analysis utilizes a wide range of primary and secondary sources. As learned from reading the chapters and from the PowerPoint slides, SWOT is an abbreviation for the internal Strengths and Weaknesses of a firm and the environmental Opportunities and Treats facing that firm. SWOT analysis is a widely used technique through which managers create a quick overview of a company’s strategic situation. The technique is based on the traditions that an effective strategy derives from a sound â€Å"fit† between a firm’s internal resources (strengths and weaknesses) and its external situation (opportunities and treats). A good fit maximizes a firm’s strengths and opportunities and minimizes its weaknesses and threats. Accurately applied, this simple assumption has powerful implications for the design of successful strategy. AIG (American International Group) is one of the world’s leading insurance and financial services organizations, with operations in more than 130 countries. With a market capitalization of like $200 billion, AIG is like in the top ten most company in the world. AIG’s subsidiaries are leading providers of retirement services, financial services and asset management around the world. The group was the second largest insurance group in the world after China Life Insurance. SWOT (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) Location| Types of Factor| | Favorable| Unfavorable| Internal| Strength * Global leading provider of financial services * Expanding global reach * Diversified product portfolio and new product development * Corporate advertising and brand building sponsorships| Weaknesses * US residential mortgage market exposure * History of regulatory investigations * Declining cost efficiencies | External | Opportunities * Acquisitions * Growth in asset management industry| Threats * US recession and volatility in financial markets * Industry consolidation| Japan has faced a number of external challenges over the long term, most of which relate to the rising importance of China and the associated threat to Japan’s pre-eminent political and economic position in the Asia region. The country’s long-term outlook is also strongly influenced by its demographics. Current trends indicate that the rate of decline in the working-age population will outpace that in the population as a whole. On the positive side, in 2021-30 Japan will see an increase in its rate of GDP growth per head to 1. 7% a year, from around 1% a year in the first two decades of the century. Productivity growth will also accelerate in the latter part of the long-term forecast period. The environment has some current issues with the air pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life. Japan is one of the largest consumers of fish and tropical timber. | 2012-20| 2021-30| 2012-30| Growth and productivity (% change; annual av)| Growth of real GDP per head| 1. 5| 1. 7| 1. 6| Growth of real GDP| 1. 0| 1. 0| 1. 0| Labour productivity growth| 1. 9| 1. 8| 1. 8| How to cite Proper Role of Government, Papers

Pathophysiology of Pneumothorax for Thoracic- MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePathophysiology of Pneumothorax for Thoracic Disease. Answer: Introduction The existence of air inside the pleural space is known as pneumothorax (Lichtenstein, 2016). Usually, air do not get inside the pleural space since the amount of the incomplete gas pressures in the tube blood is about 93.9KPa (Hobbs et al., 2014). Thus, the net movement of gasses into the pleural space from the capillary blood requires that the pleural pressures be lower than 54mmHg. This hardly ever occurs under normal circumstances. Therefore, there are there critical factors that may result in the occurrence of air in the pleural space, namely; direct or indirect interaction amid the air as well as the pleural space; interaction taking place between pleura and the alveolar; as well as the occurrence of a gas producing organism in the pleural space (Hobbs et al., 2014). Clinically, pneumothorax is classified as primary, secondary, catamenial, non-iatrogenic and traumatic pneumothorax (Boskovic et al., 2014). These different types have been briefly highlighted below. This paper disc usses this condition, pneumothorax, using Leigh Richards case. The case study has been described below. The paper discusses the pathophysiology of a pneumothorax as well as the USWD as a way of treating the condition. The paper also describes two signs presented by the patient. The Case Study The patient by the name Leigh Richards is 39 years old and he is married with three kids he is also an irrigation advisor at Murray Bridge. The patient got a serious accident and was retrained after the rally car they were in hit a tree while speeding on a dirt road. The patient was removed from the car through inline extrication after emergency services were called. When he arrived in the hospital, he was drowsy and disoriented. The patients left superior arm was enlarged, it was so painful that touching or moving it was not easy, and it had a distortion as well. As a result trauma X-rays were conducted, after which the patient was diagnosed to have developed left pneumothorax, fibula and left tibia, subdural hematoma, as well as left humerus. Mr. Leigh Richards was then taken to the theater for surgery since he had an ORIF for left lower leg and ORIF for left humerus. The Sub Dural hematoma is being addressed conventionally. The neurovascular assessment has obtained slight tingling of the fifth finger, as well as weakness in left leg and arm. The patients daughter who is a nursing student (second year) requests for an explanation of the pathophysiology of pneumothorax because she fails to understand why they develop into pneumothorax when UWSD insertion is not applied. She also requests for additional information on the UWSD insertion technique. Classifications of Pneumothorax The condition is classified based on the causes. The various classes are: Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax: This usually occurs in tall, thin, adolescent makes. Smoking has also been associated with the condition (Tschopp et al., 2015) Since the pleural compression gradient is more in the lung apex than in the lower part of the lung, in tall people, a greater mean descending pressure is subjected in the alveoli in the lung apex (Aziz, Patel, Ie Rubio, 2016). With time, the high descending pressure may lead to the development of subpleural bleb. It has been obtained that the condition is more prevalent in heavy smokers than non-smokers. Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax: This condition results in individuals who already have a lung condition. The occurrence of the condition is the same as that of main impulsive pneumothorax. The condition is common in old individuals. Catamenial pneumothorax: this condition develops at the onset of or within twenty-four to seventy-two hours after the start of menses, and is recurrent (Kolos, Dzhieshev, Dikolaev Amangaliev, 2015). The initial development does not normally occur until the female is in her thirties. The pathophysiology of catamenial pneumothorax is still not clear. Noniatrogenic pneumothorax: this condition develops shortly after birth in about 2% of infants. The condition is twice as common is males than females. The cases of the condition are common in preterm birth as well as low birth weight. The pathophysiology of non-iatrogenic pneumothorax is linked to motorized problems of the initial increasing of the lungs. Traumatic pneumothorax: This condition results from either a penetrating injury or blunt trauma to the walls of the chest. The condition may happen simultaneously with the injury, immediately after the injury, or later on. Apart from penetrating trauma, the condition can result from the secondary laceration of the visceral pleural after dislocation or rib fracture. The abrupt compression increases the pressure in the alveoli, which may result to rupture of the alveoli. Blunt trauma can also cause the rapturing of the alveoli. When a penetrating trauma occurs, the air gets into the pleural space directly via the wound on the wall of the chest. This class of pneumothorax is further divided into; open, simple and pull pneumothorax. The meek pneumothorax is where the air coming from the destroyed lungs enter the pleural space. In case the wound is big enough to allow air to freely pass freely into and outside the pleural space, then the condition is referred to as open pneumothorax. In t he open pneumothorax case, the atmospheric stress is in balance with the intrapleural stress (Aziz, Patel, Ie Rubio, 2016). This blocks the lung inflation as well as the ventilation of the alveoli. As a result, the air moves with sped via the wound into the wall of the chest, as usually produces a lapping sound. In many cases, the lungs collapse. This makes it critical to seal the open wound using a Vaseline gauze and put a chest tube, as an emery measure. Tension pneumothorax usually results from the injury of the lungs or the chest walls. In this case, on way valve mechanism results, where the air goes into the pleural space and gets trapped inside, making it impossible to expel during expiration (Roberts et al., 2014). In such a case, the inter-thoracic pressure rises making the lungs to collapse (Ianniello, Di Giacomo, Sessa Miele, 2014). The collapse of the walls shifts the mediastinum away from the injured side, leading to reduced venous return to the heart, hypoventilation, as well as development of obstructive shock (Roberts et al., 2014). The patient in the case study, Leigh Richards, suffer from this condition. The General Pathophysiology of a Pneumothorax In normal individuals, due to the inherent tendencies of the lungs to collapse as well as the chest wall to expand, the stress inside the pleural space is less in relation to the atmospheric stress. An interaction amid the alveoli as well as the pleural space causes airflow down the stress gradient until the attainment of equilibrium or until the interaction is sealed. As the pneumothorax expands, the lungs reduce in size. The major physiologic result of this occurrence is a reduction in the vital capacity and the oxygens partial pressure (Ianniello, Di Giacomo, Sessa Miele, 2014). The young and healthy individuals can tolerate these changes effectively with minimal changes in crucial symptoms. However, those individuals having lung diseases may experience respiratory distress. The decrease in the vital capacity cases respiratory insufficiency as well as respiratory acidosis and hypoventilation of the alveoli. Many individuals with the condition have increased alveolar-arterial oxyg en tension difference and reduced arterial PO2 (Ianniello, Di Giacomo, Sessa Miele, 2014). Pharmacology of Pneumothorax The tension pneumothorax in the case study requires rapid treatment using anesthetics and analgesics. However, these analgesics and anesthetics should be administered when the patient is not in distress. The aim of the pharmacotherapy is to reduce the level of mobility and stop further complications (Stoelting Hillier, 2012). The local anesthetics are applied for analgesia during thoracentesis and placement of the chest tube. The local anesthetic like Lidocaine Hydrochloride is easily absorbed into the mucous membranes after being applied topically. The rate of absorption is based on the site of application, duration of exposure, and the total dosage. The drugs mode of action is through reduction of the permeability of sodium ions in the neuronal membranes, leading to inhibition of depolarization as well as blocking the transmission of nerve impulses (Stoelting Hillier, 2012). The known adverse effect of using the local anesthetic is allergic reactions. The opiate analgesics agents are also used for the purpose of reducing or controlling pain (Trang et al., 2015). Reduction of pain is a good for patient care as it improves the comfort of the patient. The mode of mot analgesics is through sedation, benefiting individuals with painful skin lesions. The drugs are crucial when placing the chest tubes and for controlling pain following the procedure (Trang et al., 2015). Signs and Symptoms The patients was experiencing pain, was drowsy and disoriented. These conditions are closely linked with the abnormal functioning of the respiratory system. On performing UWSD, it was obtained that the lower part of the chest channel was fluctuation and draining small amounts of severe fluid while the upper part of the chest tube was swaying and intimately sparkling with no draining. This indicates that the pneumothorax had been forming on the chest region. Pneumothorax entail formation of both fluid and air in the pleural space. As such the upper region may had only air while the lower region had both air and fluid. Under Water Sealed Drains (UWSD) These are chest drains implanted to permit draining of fluid, air, and blood out of pleural spaces (Zarogoulidis et al., 2014). The draining permits lungs expansion as well as restores the bad pressure in the thoracic opening. The operation is as well executed with the aim of preventing air backflow and fluid (Huang et al., 2014). There are three basic components of the chest drain systems. The first one is the chest tube that is introduced in the pleural space to permit air as well as fluid to get out. The system has six-foot long patient elastic pipes connecting the chest tube and the chest drain structure (Zarogoulidis et al., 2014). The other component is the drainage system that has; a collection chamber for collecting fluids and measurement if the drainage volume; a one-way water seal section or valve that allows the air or fluid inside to leave while preventing entry of the outside air; and a suction for controlling the amount of negative pressure subjected to the chest (Zarog oulidis et al., 2014). There are two main types of chest tubes namely; the thoracotomy and the trocar chest tubes. These tubes are different in their design but perform similar functions in an almost similar manner (Zarogoulidis et al., 2014). There is a specific procedure for using the UWSD technique, which begins with strategic positioning of the patient to allow for high oxygen flow (Kirmani Page, 2014). Aseptic techniques are used to fill the syringe with 5ml of normal saline or water. The next step entails location of a landmark and cleaning the area using a disinfectant (Kirmani Page, 2014). The needle is, then, perpendicularly inserted above the third rib while drawing the syringe back causing the solution to bubble. Once this is done, the syringe is inserted further 5mm, after which the catheter is advanced into the pleural space. The stylette is then placed into a sharps container, and a one-way-valve is attached to the IV Catheter. Strappings are used to secure the Catheter and the valve. The l ast step is the reassessment of the chest for improvement, and when o improvement is determined then insertion of another needle close to the initial one is done. Conclusion Pneumothorax is a condition where air, blood or fluid occurs in the pleural space (Ouellette et al., 2014). The condition is a result of the rupture in the pleura or the visceral. Even though the pathophysiology of the condition is not fully established, it is known that the negative pleural pressures contribute to the manifestation of the condition. If the interaction between the alveoli and the pleura develops, air flows into the pleural space till an equilibrium stress is attained or until the interaction is stopped (Ouellette et al., 2014). The elastic recoil feature of the lungs may cause them to fall if there is no negative intrapleural pressure to hold the lungs together. The major physiologic consequences of the condition include a reduction in the vital capacity as well as a reduction in the unfinished pressure of the arterial oxygen. The condition can be well-tolerated in healthy individuals (Panigrahi Pradhan, 2016). However, when an individuals lungs had been compromised before the development of the condition, the development of the condition leads to respiratory insufficiencies, respiratory acidosis, as well as hypoventilation of the alveoli. The pathophysiology of tension pneumothorax is similar to the one-way regulator course, where the valve opens for inspiration but fails to open for respiration. In case the extrathoracic pressure continues to be greater than the stress in the pneumothorax for a while, then the air occupies similar to the single-way regulator procedure, where the valve opens for inspiration but fails to open for respiration. In case the extrathoracic pressure continues to be greater as compared to the pressure in the pneumothorax for a while, after which the air occupying the pleural space as well as the ambient atmosphere will start to get close to equilibrium (David, Pompeo, Fabbi Dauri, 2015). This stage may cause shifting of the mediastinal, and solidity of the contralateral lung and the superior vena cava. The reduced volume returning to the heart results in reduced volume stroke, and thus, reduced cardiac output. This ultimately causes obstructive shock and hemodynamic collapse. The diagnosis o f the condition can be through assessment of the patients history, physical examination as well as through x-ray scanning. The condition is managed either conservatively, use of UWSD or surgical procedures (Porpodis et al., 2014) Reference Aziz, S.G., Patel, B.B., Ie, S.R. and Rubio, E.R., 2016. The Lung Point Sign, not Pathognomonic of a Pneumothorax.Ultrasound Quarterly,32(3), pp.277-279. Boskovic, T., Stanic, J., Pena-Karan, S., Zarogoulidis, P., Drevelegas, K., Katsikogiannis, N., Machairiotis, N., Mpakas, A., Tsakiridis, K., Kesisis, G. and Tsiouda, T., 2014. Pneumothorax after transthoracic needle biopsy of lung lesions under CT guidance.Journal of thoracic disease,6(1), pp.S99-S107. David, P., Pompeo, E., Fabbi, E. and Dauri, M., 2015. Surgical pneumothorax under spontaneous ventilationeffect on oxygenation and ventilation.Annals of translational medicine,3(8). Hobbs, B.D., Foreman, M.G., Bowler, R.P., Jacobson, F., Make, B.J., Silverman, E.K. and Hersh, C.P., 2014. Pneumothorax risk factors in smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from the COPDGene Study. InD39. CONNECTING THE DOTS: DRAWING LINES BETWEEN COPD AND COMORBID CONDITIONS(pp. A5830-A5830). American Thoracic Society. Ianniello, S., Di Giacomo, V., Sessa, B. and Miele, V., 2014. First-line sonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax in major trauma: accuracy of e-FAST and comparison with multidetector computed tomography.La radiologia medica,119(9), pp.674-680. Kirmani, B.H. and Page, R.D., 2014. Pneumothorax and insertion of a chest drain.Surgery (Oxford),32(5), pp.272-275. Kolos, A., Dzhieshev, Z., Dikolaev, V. and Amangaliev, A., 2015. Catamenial Pneumothorax.Experimental and clinical transplantation: official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation,13, pp.144-145. Lichtenstein, D.A., 2016. BLUE-Protocol and Pneumothorax. InLung Ultrasound in the Critically Ill(pp. 195-199). Springer International Publishing. Legras, A., Mansuet-Lupo, A., Rousset-Jablonski, C., Bobbio, A., Magdeleinat, P., Roche, N., Regnard, J.F., Gompel, A., Damotte, D. and Alifano, M., 2014. Pneumothorax in women of child-bearing age: an update classification based on clinical and pathologic findings.CHEST Journal,145(2), pp.354-360. Ouellette, D.R., Parrish, S., Browning, R.F., Turner Jr, J.F., Zarogoulidis, K., Kougioumtzi, I., Dryllis, G., Kioumis, I., Pitsiou, G., Machairiotis, N. and Katsikogiannis, N., 2014. Unusual causes of pneumothorax.Journal of thoracic disease,6(4), pp.S392-S403. Panigrahi, M.K. and Pradhan, G., 2016. Pneumothorax Ex Vacuo Following Chemotherapy for Malignant Pleural Effusion.Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR,10(8), p.OJ03. Porpodis, K., Zarogoulidis, P., Spyratos, D., Domvri, K., Kioumis, I., Angelis, N., Konoglou, M., Kolettas, A., Kessisis, G., Beleveslis, T. and Tsakiridis, K., 2014. Pneumothorax and asthma.Journal of thoracic disease,6(1), pp.S152-S161. Roberts, D.J., Leigh-Smith, S., Faris, P.D., Ball, C.G., Robertson, H.L., Blackmore, C., Dixon, E., Kirkpatrick, A.W., Kortbeek, J.B. and Stelfox, H.T., 2014. Clinical manifestations of tension pneumothorax: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews,3(1), p.3. Stoelting, R. K., Hillier, S. C. (2012).Pharmacology and physiology in anesthetic practice. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Trang, T., Al-Hasani, R., Salvemini, D., Salter, M.W., Gutstein, H. and Cahill, C.M., 2015. Pain and poppies: the good, the bad, and the ugly of opioid analgesics.Journal of Neuroscience,35(41), pp.13879-13888. Tschopp, J.M., Bintcliffe, O., Astoul, P., Canalis, E., Driesen, P., Janssen, J., Krasnik, M., Maskell, N., Van Schil, P., Tonia, T. and Waller, D.A., 2015. ERS task force statement: diagnosis and treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax.European respiratory journal,46(2), pp.321-335. Zarogoulidis, P., Kioumis, I., Pitsiou, G., Porpodis, K., Lampaki, S., Papaiwannou, A., Katsikogiannis, N., Zaric, B., Branislav, P., Secen, N. and Dryllis, G., 2014. Pneumothorax: from definition to diagnosis and treatment.Journal of thoracic disease,6(4), pp.S372-S376. Huang, Y., Huang, H., Li, Q., Browning, R.F., Parrish, S., Turner Jr, J.F., Zarogoulidis, K., Kougioumtzi, I., Dryllis, G., Kioumis, I. and Pitsiou, G., 2014. Approach of the treatment for pneumothorax.Journal of thoracic disease,6(Suppl 4), p.S416.